ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To report the duration of breastfeeding among a population of Shihezi women and to identify factors that are associated with the duration of any breastfeeding.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cohort study was performed among 399 infants and mothers randomly recruited both in the People's Hospital and the Maternal and Child Health Institute in 2003 in Shihezi City to investigate the feeding practices and feeding duration by month. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to identify factors that were associated with the risk for termination of breastfeeding before 24 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median of breastfeeding duration was 6 months (25% quartile was 5 months and 75% quartile was 11 months). A majority of infants were weaned in the sixth month. By 12 months, only 21.8% of infants were still receiving breastfeeding and 0.5% by 24 months. Breastfeeding duration was associated with mother's return to work.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The duration of breastfeeding in Shihezi City was short.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Breast Feeding , China , Cohort Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Infant Food , Proportional Hazards Models , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of VEGF, KDR, MMP-1, and its transcription factor Ets-1 on the interstitial neovasculogenesis in human cervical carcinoma on molecular level, which may provide further theoretic bases on judgement of prognosis and explain interregularity between neovasculagenetic factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>VEGF, KDR, MMP-1, and Ets-1 were detected in 87 cervical carcinomas by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The survival curves for patients with detected tumors were compared with the curves for those without tumors. Multivariate analyses were performed with Pearson analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>VEGF mRNA and its protein were mainly expressed in cytoplasms of tumor cells, positive rate was 78.6% (68/87) and 70.4% (61/87) respectively. KDR mRNA and its protein were mainly expressed in vascular endothelial cells, as correlation coefficient between KDR and VEGF was 0.892. Over expression of MMP-1 was seen in both endothelial cells and tumor cells, especially in hyperplasia of endothelial cells. Ets-1 was mainly expressed in both endothelial cells and tumor cells, correlation coefficient between Ets-1 and KDR, MMP-1, was 0.900 and 0.873, respectively. Four factors of above were highly related with tumor differentiation, lymph nodes metastasis as well as 5 years survival rate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>VEGF, KDR, MMP-1, and Ets-1 are important factors on neovasculogenesis in cervical carcinoma, which may be considered to be reference indicator for determining biology behavior of cervical carcinoma, and may provide further theoretic bases on antineovasculagenetic therapy.</p>